Iziphawu zeNjini Zinikeza Ugcobo Obuhle Kakhulu Kwizindlu zezinhlanzi

Ukufundwa Kwebume Belwandle Ngemithetho Yamanzi Elisha Yezinhlanzi

Abasebenzisi bezinhlanzi zezinhlanzi bazophakanyiswa ngokuphelele ukwenza isikhathi eside sezinhlanzi sibe yisikhathi eside ngaphandle kokuncipha izindleko zokulungiswa. Phakathi kwalokhu, ubume beziphawu ezibalulekileyo aMADLIKO ASEMOTINI ezamathela izinhlanzi ukuzoba usuku olunye emva kowelesinye. Funa ukuthi ziphawu ziphi aMADLIKO ASEMOTINI ezinika ubude obungcono bempilo akuyona kuphela ukuvikela ukugayayo—kanti nakuba uyivikela imali yesifundo sakho neyekhono lokunikezela inhliziyo ngendlela ethembekileyo.

Isimo sezinhlekele zomqhubi sashintshelwe kakhulu ngeminyaka engu-10, kanti amabhafu ayenzela kakhulu ekwakhiweni kanye nendlela yokusebenzisa izimboni ukuze kugcinwe ubude bezinsuku. Manje izinhlekele ezinezindlela eziphuculiwe nezimboni ezihle zinikeza abasebenzisi bezinhlekele ukuthembeka okungaphezu kwesiphi na sikhathi uma kugcinwa ngendlela efanelekile.

Izinhlekele Ezibalulekile Zomqhubi Ukuze Kugcinwe Ubude Bezinsuku

I-Blokhu Yasilinda Namasu

Umbumba wumqhubi wonke, izibhulokhu zamathuba namasu atholakala ngamathambo amaningi okuhleka okuyini ama-aluminum noma i-cast iron, azenza izinhlekele ezingcono. Izindlela ezisha zokwakha kanye nesimilo esihle sangenhlekele sabenza izinhlekele ezingaba phansi kuma-miles angu-1 million uma kugcinwa ngendlela efanelekile. Igama elibalulekile lokuba kugcinwe ubude bezinsuku kuleso sihlalo kukho kuzo ukuthi kugcine isimo sakho xa kushintshelwa kakhulu umthubi kanye nokugcinwa komfanekiso.

Kufanele abaphathisi besikhampani bahlale bezizwa kakhulu ngezivuno zocingo olunye lwesilinde nezimfanelo zokuhlenga yisistimi sokulahla, ngoba lezi zinto zihlukumeza kakhulu ekugcineni kwizinsuku zezinhloso ezibalulekileyo zomotorshe. Izimbo eziphakeme zezivuno nezimfanelo ezihle zokubamba ngemithetho emva kokufakwa kuzivuno kusenela ukuthi kugcinwe ngempela futhi kuvikeleke ukuphula ngokushesha.

Umvumo we-Silinda nozibuko

Isteeli eqhubekayo yomvumo we-silinda nezibuko zibonakala njengamanye amakhulu kakhulu akhona. Lezi zinhloso ezibalulekile zihlola imisebenzi enkulu yokuchithwa kwezinkwa nezindlela zokwenza izandla kakhulu ukuze zilinde izinkinga ezikhulu ezakhiwako ngemuva komsebenzi womotorshe. Izindlela ezintsha zokudala, kungaqondani nokuciphisa okuncane kwezinqawini nezimfanelo ezihle zokulinganisa, zazinzisa kuzimali zokusebenza ezide.

Imiklamo yakamuva yezinti zokuxhuma ifaka izinto ezithuthukile zokuthwala kanye ne-geometry ethuthukisiwe yokudlula kukawoyela, okuqinisekisa ukuthi amafutha ayashiswa njalo ngisho nasezimweni ezimbi kakhulu. Lezi zinguquko ziye zandisa isikhathi sokusebenza esilindelekile ngaphezu kwemingcele yendabuko, njengoba izingxenye eziningi zibonisa ukugqokwa okuncane ngemva kwamakhulu ezinkulungwane zamakhilomitha.

Izinto Ezithuthukisiwe Ekwakhiweni Kwenjini Yanamuhla

Izingxenye Ezihlanganisiwe Neze-Ceramic

Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe nezingubo zobumba kuye kwaguqula kakhulu ukuqina kwezingxenye zenjini. Izingxenye ze-valve train, kuhlanganise nama-camshaft neziphethu zama-valve, manje zinemithi ekhethekile yokwelapha indawo enciphisa kakhulu ukuchoboza nokugqoka. Ama-piston agqunywe nge-ceramic nezindonga zesilinda zinikeza ukuphathwa kokushisa okuphezulu nokunciphisa ukuchoboza, kwandise impilo yezingxenye ngenkathi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle.

Lezi zinto eziphambili ngokuvamile ziza nezindleko eziphakeme zokuqala, kodwa ukuphila kwazo isikhathi eside nokulinganiselwa kwezidingo zokugcinwa kuzenza zikhange ngokwengeziwe ekusebenzeni kwezimoto. Ukunciphisa ukuchoboza nakho kunomthelela ekuthuthukiseni ukonga uphethiloli, kudala inani elengeziwe lesikhathi eside.

Izinto Ezithwalayo Ezisebenza Kahle

Amabhere anamuhla enjini asebenzisa izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ezenziwe ngezinsimbi ezintathu nezingubo ze-polymer eziqine kakhulu kunezinto ezivamile. Lezi zibambo ezithuthukile zinikeza umthamo ophakeme wokuthwala nokugqoka, ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo zokuthambisa ezincane. Intuthuko yakamuva kwezobuchwepheshe bokuthwala iye yakhiqiza izingxenye ezikwazi ukugcina amabanga azo abalulekile amakhulu ezinkulungwane zamakhilomitha.

Ukufakwa kwalezi zinto ezithuthukile zokuthwala kunciphise kakhulu imvamisa yokulungiswa okukhulu kwenjini, okwenza ukuthembeka kwezimoto kukhule futhi kunciphise izindleko zokugcina. Ikhono lazo lokumelana nezikhathi ezimfushane zokuntuleka kukawoyela linikeza umngcele owengeziwe wokuphepha ezimweni zokusebenza zangempela.

Amasu Okugcina Izingxenye Zisebenza

Imigomo Yemigomo Yokulungisa

Ngisho nezingxenye zenjini ezihlala isikhathi eside zidinga ukugcinwa kahle ukuze ziphile isikhathi eside. Izinhlelo ezivamile zokuhlaziya uwoyela zinikeza isixwayiso kusenesikhathi sokugqwala kwezingxenye futhi zisiza ekwenzeni ngcono isikhathi sokulungisa. Ukuqapha izinkomba ezibalulekile ezifana nokuqukethwe kwensimbi namazinga okungcola kuvumela abaphathi bezimoto ukuba babhekane nezinkinga ezingase zibe khona ngaphambi kokuba ziholele ekuhlulekeni kwezingxenye.

Ukuqalisa izinhlelo zokugcinwa kwesakhiwo ezisekelwe esimweni, kunokuba kube izinhlelo ezisekelwe esikhathini, kusiza ukukhulisa ukuphila kwezingxenye kuyilapho kunciphisa izindleko zokugcinwa okungadingekile. Le ndlela idinga ukulandelela ngokucophelela izimo zokusebenza namamethrikhi okusebenza ukuze kutholakale amaphuzu angcono kakhulu okufaka isandla.

Ukuqapha Okuthuthukiswe Ubuchwepheshe

Izinhlelo zesimanje zokuphatha injini zinikeza ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela kokusebenza kwezingxenye nezinkomba zokugqoka. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-telematics kanye nokuhlaziywa kokubikezela kusiza abaphathi bezimoto ukuba babone izinkinga ezingaba khona kusenesikhathi futhi bahlele ukulungiswa ngokuzimisela. Lezi zinhlelo zingalandelela konke kusukela ekushintsheni kwengcindezi kawoyela kuya ekusebenzeni kahle kokushisa, zinikeze ukuqonda okubalulekile ngempilo yezingxenye.

Idatha ekhutshiwe ngalawa mithombo yokubeka khangelwa kuyakwazi ukukhokha isikhathi sokulungisa ngokuphelele futhi kusiza ekuboneni izinhlobo ezingathintana ngecala kwezinto ezihlukanisayo. Leli datha libaluleke kakhulu ekulungiseni izikhathi zokulungiswa futhi ukubona izikhathi eziphumelelayo zokuthuthuka emsebenzini.

Izinhloso Ezizayo Zokugcinwa Kwamathambo Othenga

Izobuchwepheshe Eziyophuma

Ukusabalala kwezinhlayiya kuhlangene ngokusha nezimboni ezintsha kanye nezindlela zokwenza. Izindlela zokudala okudalwe kuzakwenzela ukuthi kudalwe izinto ezenziwe ngendlela efanelekile kabanzi kanye nokunciphisa izindawo zokuhlisa. Lezi zinyathelo zibonakala yizohamba kancane kakhulu kulesi sikhathi njengoba zicinca ubunzima futhi zibanze isebenza.

Ukulondoloza kwamathambo angaphethelwa phakade kanye nezehlo ezinezimali mayelana nokuthinta kwezinkinga kungase kuthuthukise indlela esebenzayo ngayo ukulungisa i-engine kanye nokugcina amathambo.

Izinto eziphambene nezibonelo zokuphepha

Ngokuthi izinkinga zolwandle ziye ziyakhula kakhulu, abayimfundi bayashintsha ukuzima ezifundweni kwizimpahla zomotolo ezingcono ngaphandle kwalokho ezingena ngendlela encane emhlabeni. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo futhi nezinhlelo zokwakha ezinakekela ukungathembeki nokunyusa kwezimali.

Ukuqhubeka ngendlela ethembekile kuyosisa ubuchule bezinhlelo yokuphinda uhlenze izimpahla ezithintekileyo ukuze ziphinde ziphume njengazo ezintsha ngaphansi kokusetshenziswa kwezimali. Le ndlela iyenzi into engaphezu kokuthula izindleko kodwa futhi isesha amandla olwandle ngelinye ilondoloza indlela yempilo enobukhona obuphezulu.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Iziphi izindlela ezibhekana kakhulu ngesikhathi eside somphumela wemipahla yomotolo?

Izindlela ezibalulekile eziphatha umlando womphumela wemipahla yomotolo kufaka phakathi imithetho yesiseko, izinhlelo zokulungiswa, ubumnandi bomlamlwa, nobumnandi basebenzayo bempahla. Ukulungiswa okuhlanjwayo, ukulubala okufanelekile, nokungahlinzeli umcinga omkhulu komotolo kungahlakanipha kakhulu umsindo womphumela.

Kungani okhokheli kwezinhambano kufanele bakwazi ukuthola isiphumo esikhulu kumthembiso wabo kumakomponi enjini ephakeme?

Ukuze bakhuthaze isiphumo somthembiso kumakomponi enjini ephakeme, okhokheli kufanele bavule amathisweli akhona ekugcineni, bisebenzise ubalazi bemithi, bafundi izikhamusi ngemisebenzi efanelekileyo yokusebenza, nabagcine imbonakalo yezinsiza. Lezi zindlela zihlengeza ukuthi makomponi azifinyelele umkhawulo wabo ophelele womnyaka.

Lapho okhokheli kwezinhambano kufanele acabange ukuthutha kumakomponi angenhla emfaneni eyisinkingi?

Okhokheli kwezinhambano kufanele bacabange ukuthutha kumakomponi angenhla emfaneni eyisinkingi lapho badlula izinto ezivalekileyo ngenkathi zibuyiselwa kabusha, lapho imithetho yokusebenza kudinga ukukhuthaza okuphelele, noma lapho iziphumo ezinokwenzeka zokwenza amanzi nokuncipha kwizindleko zokugcina zixhomekeza kumthembiso.