Kunjani Ukukhomba Izinkampani Zokuthenga Iziphatha Zezimoto Ngokuvameleka Kwezintsho?

Umndini wemoto ubaluleka kakhulu kumlando wokunika izixhobo ukuze uwuthumele isikweletu sokwakha nokunika izimoto ezinzulu kubantu. Ukuthola abathengisi abavimba ngempilo kwezinto zomoto kuyindlela ebalulekileyo endaweni yokuthenga yasekhohlo kwaye abazenzeli nabahlinzeki bafana nayo ekhasimende yangoku. Inkqubo yokukhetha kufuneka ibe yinkqubo eqinisekisa ukulinganiselana kwizinto ezimbini, ukugcina kwegunya, nokuthembekileko phakade. Amakhampuni atholile okunxibelelana nabathengisi abavimba ngempilo kuzo iintonga zomthwalo, igunya, kunye nefayile yesimo.

Imithetho Yophando Lwezigunya Kunye Neziqinisekiso

Iziqinisekiso Zeendlela ZaseMndini

Abasebenzi bomthuthukiso wemipumu yesimoto bahlala nezikhungo ezijwayelekile kakhulu ezenza ukuthi bakhombisa ukuthula kwabo kakhulu kakhulu. Isikhungo se-ISO 9001 sisekelwe kumthombo wokuphatha ububi, ukuqinisekisa izindlela eziyindilinga kanye nezikhungo zokuthuthukisa ngokuphindaphindi. Isikhungo se-TS 16949 sibhekene ngqo nesitakalimithi sezimoto, sifaka konke ukusuka kuthando kanye nokuthuthukiso, ukwakhiwa kanye nokusebenza. Lezi zikhungo zinikeza umbono wokuthile ukuthi abasebenzi bahlala bakhula izikhungo eziphathakeni kakhulu kakhulu.

Ukubala kwezimvume kudinga ukufunda kwezimali njengoko kube khona nokulondoloza izibonelo. Abasebenzisi abakhunjumayo besivuno sobuchwepheshe bavuma ngokuphakade ukuthi babuyise izithwalandvo zemvume neziphumo zokuhlola kubazalwane. Ubuningi bezinqumo zabagcini bezimali kubonakala ngokuthi kukhona izithwalandvo ezidala, izibonelo zokwenza okulungileyo, nokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokudala isimo. Kumele izinkampani zilondolozise izimvume ngokwesibonelo sokuthi ziyisusa futhi ziqinisekise ukuthi kuyintandokazi nosimo lwamanje.

Izinhlelo Zokukhokha Ibhili

Imithetho emisenyezelayo yokulawula ubunzima iyahlukanisa izindlalifa ezinhle zezinto zomshini kuzo zokungabi noma ngubani. Imigomo yokuhlola izinto eziphumelelayo ihlanza ukuthi izinto ezibalulekile zifanele izidingo ezitholakalayo ngaphambi kokungena kwezimali. Ukulunga okuphakeme kohlola kuhlanganisa imiba esingayozwa ngduring manufacturing, ukuvikela izinto engenazo ukufinyelela kumasese. Imigomo yokuhlola ekugcineni ihlinze ukuthi izinto ezimiselwe ziphathelene nezidingo zonke namandla okwenza.

Izindlalifa ezinezindlela ezihle zisebenzisa izindlela zokulawula umsebenzi weshumi ukuhlola ubukhona besimo nokuhlola izilinganiso ngaphambiluku kuba kuyenzeka kuthinta ubunzima bezinto. Umbhalo wokulawula ubunzima unikeza indlela yokulandela kuze kube yisikhathi sokugcina, ukuvumela ukuphendula ngokushesha kunezinkinga zokunzima. Izilwane ezihlanjwayo nezihlola zezindlalifa ziqinisekisa ukulawula konke umbuthano wokwakha, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphathelene kuzo zonke izikhala zokwakha.

Izindlela Nezimo Zokwakha

Ukuchazwa Kwesikhala Sokwakha

Izakhiwo zokukhiqiza zanamuhla zibonisa ukuthi umphakeli utshala imali ekhwalithi nasekusebenzeni kahle. Imishini esezingeni eliphakeme yenza ukuba kukhiqizwe izinto ngokunemba futhi kube nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo engaguquguquki ehlangabezana nezimfuneko eziphakeme zemoto. Izindawo zokukhiqiza ezihlanzekile nezinhle zibonisa ukuzithiba okuqinile nokusebenza ngokucophelela. Izinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo zinciphisa amaphutha abantu kuyilapho zithuthukisa ukuphindaphinda namakhono okudlulisa.

Ukuhlola amakhono okukhiqiza kuhilela ukuhlola izinhlelo zokugcinwa kwemishini, imizamo yokuqeqesha abasebenzi, namasu okusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe. Abahlinzeki bezingxenye zezimoto abahamba phambili bayathuthuka njalo ukuze bafake izindlela zokukhiqiza eziphambili futhi bathuthukise ukusebenza kahle. Ukuvakasha endaweni kunikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile ngezimo zangempela zokukhiqiza futhi kusize ekuboneni izingqinamba zamandla noma izingozi zekhwalithi ezingathinta ukusebenza kwesikhathi esizayo.

Ukwehla Kwesilinganiso Nokuguquguquka

Ukuthuthukisa kweveki kudinga abasebenzisi beziphawu ze-automobile abakwazi ukunikeza iziseko lokusebenza ukuze kutholakale ubungakanani obakhulayo ngaphandle kokuchaza ubumfihlelo. Izinhlelo ezingavamile zokwakha kusiza abasebenzisi ukuthi bathintathe ubandla bokuhlola, ubungakanani, nokunika izimboni ezintsha. Ukuplanisha ubungakanani kubonakalisa ukuthi isisinya sikhuthaza imibondozo engcono yesive indlela futhi sibekeke kakhudlwana ngezidingo ezingahlekayo.

Abasebenzisi abathembekile bahlala bahlukanisa izigaba zokusebenza futhi banezinkinga ezitholakeleyo nezisusa kuqiniso lapho kudingeka ubungakanani obuthe. Ukuthi bakhuthaze izindlela eziningi zokwakha ngokufanayo wenza kube yisimo esiqinile sokusebenza. Ukuhlolwa kakhulu kwebungakanani kusiza abasebenzisi ukutholakala kakhudlwana ngezidingo eziyashintshashintsha ngaphandle kokushaya iphricing ethembekile nokuletha kwizindawo eziphathelene nazo.

Ukuphatha Isithuthi Nezintsha

Ukubuyekeza Kwesiklweleti SeSisinya

Amanethiwekhi aqinile okuphakelayo avumela abahlinzeki bezingxenye zezimoto ukuba balondoloze ukugeleza kwezinto ezibonakalayo okuqhubekayo futhi banciphise izingozi zokuphazamiseka. Izisekelo zabahlinzeki ezahlukahlukene zinciphisa ukuxhomeka emithonjeni eyodwa futhi zinikeze ezinye izindlela lapho kuvela izinkinga zokuphakelwa. Abahlinzeki abafanelekile bagcina izinqubo ezijulile zokufaneleka kwabahlinzeki futhi bahlole njalo abahlinzeki babo abangaphansi kwabo ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nezidingo zekhwalithi nezokulethwa.

Ukusabalala kwendawo kwenethiwekhi yabahlinzeki kuthinta ukuqina kokuthengiswayo kanye nezakhiwo zezindleko. Abahlinzeki abanamanethiwekhi omhlaba wonke bangakwazi ukusebenzisa izinzuzo zesifunda ngenkathi begcina ukuphepha kokuphakelwa ngokusebenzisa ukuhlukahluka kwendawo. Amasu okulawula izingozi abhekana nokuphazamiseka okungenzeka okubangelwa izinhlekelele zemvelo, ukungazinzi kwezombusazwe noma ukushintshashintsha komnotho okungase kuthinte ukutholakala kwezinto ezibonakalayo noma amanani entengo.

Imithombo Yokuphatha I-Inventory

Imithombo yesivumelwano esaphulekileyo yokuphatha izidingo kuyekelisa uhlelo lwemigqa yezinto futhi kuphulekele amahawu okugcina, nakuba kunezidingo ezifanele zokwelasha izinqumo zokwakha. Ukubonakala kanye nokuphathwa kwezinkinga ezingenzeka njengenkosi noma ukukhona kwezinto ngaphezu kwesilinganiso. Imithombo yesivumelwano eyenzelulwano iyekela izilinganiso ezifanele zezinto ngqo kusizo lwezenzo zemandla nezidingo zeqembu elilandelayo.

Abasunguli abasebenzi besikhangeli sezinto zabasebenzi bezihlaza ekusebenzisa imithombo yokuphatha izinto ezingaqondene nabo, leyo ihambisa inhlaka yezinto kubasunguli kodwa ibeke inhlaka yezinsiza kubasesha. Le mithombo iphula inhlaka yombuzo wezisebenzi nakuba kunezidingo zezinto ezingafanele. Izahloli zezinto ngezikhathi ezithile kanye nezibalo eziphathelene ziyekela ubaluleka futhi zilola izinzuzo ezingcono ekuphatheni kwizinto.

Ukusiza Tekinikali kanye Nezimali Zolwazi Lwetekinoloji

Izimpendulo Nezinkokhelo Zokudala

Ukuthwala kwezinhlelo kuhlukanisa izindiza zezinto ezihle zokuphatha kusuka kuzindiza zokuphatha. Izindlela zokulinganisa ngaphandle kwenjinje zivumela izindiza ukuthuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kweprodukthi, ukuhlelwa kwezinhlelo, nokuxazulula imiba. Izinkundla zezinhlalo zamagugu nezinhlalo zokuchazwa zivumela izindiza ukubalisa izinketho zezinhlelo futhi ukuhlela isebenta seprodukti kabefore kokuqala kokwakhiwa.

Umugqa wokulinganisa okuhlanganayo nookusabela kuqukethe ukuthuthukiswa okungcwele nokuthuthukiswa okuphathelene ngenhlelo. Izindiza ezenenhlalo enhle engenziyo zingakhumbula izinguquko zezinhlelo ezingahlanya ukufakwa, zilahle costs, noma zinzile isebenta seprodukti. Iziphazamiso zamanje ezinezinhlelo zokulinganisa ziyagcina ukuthi izmphathi ziyaqhubeka ngezidingo eziyenzelene namakhono nemithombo yedolobha.

Izinkundla Zokuchaza Nezivikeli

Imithwalo yesivikelo engakadekile iyathola ukuthi izinto ziyaphumelela kuwo wonke amathwalo wokusebenza ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa kumasese. Ukuhlaziywa kwemvelo kuyavikela ubomi bendawo phakathi kwezinkinga ezihlukene zokucinga, uhlobo lwamafu, namandla okuhamba. Ukuhlaziywa komfanekiso kukhangelisa ubumnandi, ububi bokugcina, nesimo sangaphandle sezinga lesebenza.

Amalaborithori wesivikelo aqobekelwe ayahola ngokwesivinini isebenza sendawo nehlaziywa yezimiso zomthombo. Abasunguli beziphefumulo ze-automobile nemithwalo engakadekile yesivikelo angayongezisa izikhathi zesifundo sendawo futhi abambele umngcipheko wokungasebenzi kwizindawo. Ukulungiswa okuhlukene komsindo wesivikelo kuyahlinzela imiphumo eyiqiniso neyabelana engethelani kudeza kakhona kakhona.

Ukuzimisela Kwemali Nokuphila Kwesibusiness

Uhlaziyo LweBunzima Bemali

Ukuzimisa kwezemali kubangelwa ngokudlulela ukuthi umnuni angezezimali emisweni eyobuhle, akhusele izinhlaka ezifanelekileyo zezimali, nakwakhe amakhiqizi okugcina izinkonzo zokuthenga ngokudala. Ukuhlaziywa kwezemali kubonisa izinhloso zeziphathekayo, umlando wemali, nokuphatha izindleko ebonisa ububi bezimali. Abamnuni abanemali engcono bangaphila kwiindawo eziphazanyayo kwaye bafane ngokusebenza kakhulu.

Amaki wesikrini namathisathela wezemali avumela ukulinganisa ngempela ubume bezimali nokusebenza kwesivumelwano. Ukuhlaziywa kwemali ekodwa kunceda ukutholana ngezinkinga ezingaba khona ezingabangela inkululeko yomnuni noma ukuqhubekeka kwegame. Izikhathi ezihlanjwe zemali ziqinisekisa ukuba umnuni uyasebenza futhi unceda ukuthola izimpawu zakamuva yeziphazanyo.

Ukuplanisha Ukuphila Kwesivikeli

Izenzo ezijwayelekileyo zokuphila kwezimali ziphatha izinkinga ezingakwenzeka ukuthi zivakale emehlweni yezulu, kuzinzuzo zemvume noma kuzinkinga ezingahleli. Izikhungo zokugcina, abasebenzisi besinhlamvu, nezimiso zokuphendula ngokushesha zizikhipha isimo sezinkinga kumsebenzi wobumnini. Ukuchaza okujwayelekile kwezenzo zokuphila kwezimali kusikhipha ubunzima nokubona izindawo ezingaconyiwa.

Umrwayelo wokuhlinzeka kuphatha kwezidingo zokulangela nokwandisa amathuba athinta umsebenzi wokusebenza. Umrwayelo wokulangela kwesiprofesi, wokulangela kwesampula, nokweziphumela kusiphumela sokuphatheka kwezimali kusiza kbothini abathengi nabathengisi. Ukuchazwa okujwayelekile kwezinsiza kusikhipha inani elide lemrwayelo futhi kubone izinkinga ezintsha ezidinga uhlinzeko oluthe addisionali.

Ukuxhumana Nokusiza Kombhali

Iimirathelo yokuxhumana

Ukuxoxiswa okwenzakalelayo kuyisisekelo sezingxenye zokuthenga ezizimele. Imigomo yokuxoxiswa ihombisa izinqumo, imikhetso nezinhlelo zokuthutha kwezinkinga ngemva kwalokho kungeke kube yinto ethintayo umsebenzi wengxenye. Izinketho zokuxoxiswa njalo zihlinza ukuba kube nenhloso yesingeniso esihlukene futhi zisivikela ukungazange kube khona ukungaqondakala okungathintwa umsebenzi.

Amakhulu ezigodi ezithunyelwe zenze isipointi esisodwa sokuxhumana ngezibizo nezinkinga zabasebenzisi. Abagcini basezigodi abane thekile baziqonda izidingo zabasebenzisi baze bathola izidlalo zangaphakathi ukuze baphendule izinkinga ngokushesha nokwenzakalayo. Iziphatha zomlando zinikeza ukuxoxiswa ngokusheshayo nokuthengiswa kwemvume phakathi kwebasebenzisi nezigodi zomkhumbi wezimoto.

Inkinobeko Yokususa Izinkinga

Ukulungisa ngokushesha kumnikeza umdla wengcingo kusebenziso lwenhlangano yekhasikhasi kanye nokukhuseleka kwemithandazo yombuso. Izibonelo zokuthuthukisa zihlola ukuthatha iqiniso nezimali ezifanelekileyo ukuze kulungise izinkinga ngokushesha. Izindlela zokunquma umhla wasekuqaleni zithola izizathu ebusuku kwayo kanti zilungise ukubuyeleka kwengcingo.

Izikhala zokusebenzisa kwenhlangano zilima izikhathi zokuphendula, ubushushu bomdla wokulungisa, nezimali zokuthanda kwenhlangano. Izimiso ezihlanjulukayo zithola amaphutha okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwezinsiza kanye nezinsiza zekhasikhasi. Ukuxhumana ngaphambili mayelana nezinkinga ezingaba zizakhiwa kuyakhetheka ukuthinta kwenhlangano yekhasikhasi kanye nokuphatha imithandazo.

Uhlelo Lwezimali Nokubonakala Kwemali

Ukuhlaziywa Kwemali Kuyejikeleza

Ukuziqonda iqiniso lezimali zabo besunguli kumenza ukuba kube yinkinga ekwenzekayo nokukhulula izindlela zokunakekela izimali ngemuva. Izindleko zezinhlanga, izimali zomsebenzi, izindleko ezengele, nezinhliziyo zeziphetho zonke zihlukanisa kwiqiniso ezimbi. Ukulinganisa okwenziwa kukhulula izimali phakathi kwezimali eziyisifundo futhi kubone amandla okunciphisa izindleko.

Amacebo wokulungisa inani akhulula amandla okunciphisa izindleko engahle njalo ubumnandi basebenzini noma ukusebenza kwesampula. Amathuba okunciphisa izindleko angcono abasebenzisi nabasunguli beziphepha zejoni ngokuvutha kakhulu nokuhleleka. Ukuhlolwa kanye kwezimali kusidla ukuthi izimali zilindeleke kodwa kuyakhumbula izinhliziyo ezibekiweyo ukuze kugcinwe ubomi bwasunguli.

Ukucaciswa Kwemali Nokuguquka

Ukumiswa kwezimali ngendlela ethintekayo kuthuthukisa ukuthembeka nokwakha izindleko ngendlela echanekileyo kubasebenzisi. Ukwahlulwa kwezimali kubonisa ngokucacileyo izindleko zomthelelweni, izindleko zokwakha, nezinkinga ezihlukileyo. Izikhathi ezikhethekileyo zokumiswa kwezimali zinika ubalulekile kakhulu ngelishwa, kodwa izindlela zokuguquguquka kwezimali zihlenza ngendlela ethintekayo izinkinga zezindleko zomthelelweni.

Ukususelwa kwezimali kuhlanjelwa kakhulu kubadala bezindleko, ukuhlungwa kwesakhiwo, nezimo zomkhakha. Izibopho zokumiswa kwezimali ngeminyaka engaphezu koku-1 zinika ubunzima obuphathelene kubambili kodwa ziqukethe izindlela zohlelo oluthintekayo lwezindleko. Ukubuyekezwa kwezimali kuyaphinde kuyaphinde kuhlanjelwa ukuthi kugcinwe ububi bokulinganisa nokuthembeka okufanele kubabili - basebenzisi nabagcini.

Inhloso Yomphakathi Nenkolo

Ukuphatha nokuhlola Izindaba zokugcina

Ukukhokhelwa kumhlaba kuyaphakade kakhulu ekukhetheni izindiza. Ukuxhasana nokulawuli kwezimali kubonisa amandla okukhokhelwa okuphumelelayo kwezimali. Amakhampu okukhupha okunciphisa, izinqumo zokusebenza kwezimali, nezindlela zokusebenza okunciphisa kubonisa ukuthembekile kwezimali.

Ingxoxo yokuphila kubonisa ukuthembekile kwezimali kanye nezinqumo zokuthuthukisa. Ukunciphisa kwezimali, ukuthuthuka kwezimali, kanye nokuthuthuka kwezimali kuthuthukisa kwezimali. Izindiza zezindlela zezimali nezimali zokuthuthukisa kuzimali okuphile kuzimali kanye nezimali.

Ukukhokhelwa kwezimali kanye nezimali

Imisebenzi ethikholeyo yenzela ukuthi izikhalo zisebenze ngendlela ethembekileyo futhi bazamelela ngendlela ehlakaniphileyo nabantu abanxwemezela. Izinhloso zomsebenzi, amaprojekhithi okhuseleko komsebenzi, nezidingo zomphakathi zibonisa ukuthembekile kwezisebenzi zomphakathi. Amakhodi wabasebenzi wokusebenza kwenyameko kwenza izidingo zokusebenza ngendlela ethikholeyo nezisebenzi.

Imibuzo yomphakathi ngcono ngcono yahlola ukuthi kuyavumelekile kanjani nokusebenza ngendlela ethikholeyo kude kwezimali zokuthuthukisa. Amakhampeni wobuciko nezidingo zomphakathi zinikeza amaphuzu ngokulinganayo kanye nesisekelo sezidingo zomphakathi. Izinkonzo zomphakathi nezidingo zomphakathi zibonisa ukuthembekile kwezisebenzi ngaphezu kokusebenza.

Ukukhuseleka Kwezimbono Nezinyathelo Ezihlanjwe

Izikhungo Ezibhekezelayo Kwezimbono

Amathuba azimele ukulinganisa iqiniso lihlaziywa kuzintsho ezimbili yokusebenzisa izinsiza. Amalini akhangelwa izilingo, izohlwayo zezenzele, kanye nokusebenza kwebuciko. Izikhawunti zokulethuleli zilondoloza ukulethuleli kusuku, ubude bezindlela, kanye nokucophelela kwebhukhwe.

Amalini okulinganisa izindlela zokulahlela izindlela zokuthengisa, izimprove zokulahlela, kanye nokugcina kwesipho. Izikhawunti zokusebenza zilondoloza ukuziphatha, ukuxhumana ngokusebenza, kanye nokuthuthukisa izinkinga. Izikratha ezihlanjulwa ngokuthuthukisa zinikeza umlando wokusebenza kanye nokubonakala kwezinkinga ezidinga ukuqapha kumaqiniso.

Izinhlelo Zokuthuthuka Ngokuphindaphindiwe

Izinsiza ezinembileyo zokwenza izinto zezimoto zisebenzisa izinqumo ezihlaziywa ukuthuthukisa iqiniso ngokuphambene. Izinhloso zeLean zihluphelela izindlela kanye zibonakala ukusebenza kuzintsho zonke. Izinhloso zeSix Sigma zilahlela ukuguqukayo kanye zibonakala ukusebenza kwezindlela ngokuphambene.

Imithombo yesicelo yomsebenzisi isimamekelo sezimali ekugcineni izinqubo zokuthuthukisa kanye nezinkundla zokuvutha. Izahloli ezihlengahlenga zokuthuthukisa zilondoloza isiphazamiso ngaphandle kokuthile futhi zibonakalisa izinsuku ezingcono yokuthuthukisa kakhulu. Ukulinganisa ngenkulumo eyisisekelo esihle kakhulu kumgangatho wokuphila kumele kube khona ukuthuthukisa kabusha kuwonke amandla okusebenza.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Kufunekani ngani ukubona xa ushlanyela izindlu zokwakha izinto ze-automobile?

Izikhuthaza eziphambene kakhulu kuzindlu zokwakha izinto ze-automobile zifaka i-ISO 9001 yokuphatha ubungako kwezinhlobo kanye ne-TS 16949 engcono kakhulu kumgangatho we-automotive. Lezi zikhuthaza zibonakala ukuthi izindlu zokwakha zazigcina izinhlobo ezijwayelekileyo zokuphatha ubungako kanye nezinqubo zokuthuthukisa kabusha. Ngaphezu koko, bheka izikhuthaza zomphakathi njenge-ISO 14001 kanye nezikhuthaza zemiphakathi engcolweni ngokulinganiselwa kuzinto okudingayo.

Ngani angakwazi ukulinganisa ubungako bezimali bezigunya ezinokulungiswa?

Ukulinganisa iqiniso lezimali kufaka phakathi ukubheka izithombe zezimali ezivuliwe, izilinganiso zokuthembeka kusuka kumagenci wokulingana, nokwenza nalaysisi yezilinganiso zezimali ezibalulekile. Kudinga ukuthi kube nobubi bokuthengisa, umthelela positef hayi ububi, amandla okudla angcono, nezimali efunekayo ekusebenzeleni. Funa izimpendulo zasebhange namakhadi wesicelo ukuthembeka nokulungiswa kwesicelo.

Iziphi izimo zokuhlola kumele zibe nazo abasunguli bezinto ezihle zabathakathi?

Izimo zokuhlolwa kumele zifakwene ukuhlolwa kwegolide, ubushushu, ukugqatha, nokukhuphuka kwegolide. Ukuchazwa kwezobuchwepheshe kumele kufakwene ubunzima, ukugcina, ubude bebusuku, nokulinganisa kwebala. Abasunguli kumele babe nezigodi zokuhlolwa eziqinisekile ngamathulini aqiniswe nemigomo ethuliwe eyenziwa ngokwembono yezinhlobo nezimpendulo zezimali.

Kubalulekani kanjani indawo yendawo xa kusotha abasunguli?

Isikhundla segolide siphatha izindleko zokuthutha, izulazulo, umngeni wokugcina uhlelo, kanye nesimo sezokuxhumana. Nakuba amagunya ekuhlaleni anikela izintelo kumzamo nokuxhumana, amagunya angaphandle kwalapho kungakha izindleko kanye nezimali ezithuthukileyo. Kuleli qiniso kukhetha okuhle phakathi kwalezi zinto ngokulinganisa kuzinto okudingayo ngokwethu mayelana nezindleko, ubunzima, ukuletha, kanye nokuphepha kwehlelo lokugcina uhlelo, ukuqaphela futhi izindleko eziphawuliwe.