Izinkinga Zizithini Ezinconywa Ngazo Izinqambu Zokubhala Kumaqondo Okuphezulu Kwamandla?

Lapho izimoto zisebenza ezimweni zezulu ezimbi kakhulu, izingxenye ezakha izinto ezihlanganisa zonke izinto ziyasuswa kakhulu endaweni yazo yokunethezeka. iINGCEKELO ZOKUGCIWA kusukela kumaphaneli nemiklamo kuya emaqenjini ahlanganiswe nokuxhuma athatha umthelela ophelele wokushisa okweqile, umswakama, imisebe ye-UV, nokucindezeleka komgwaqo ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ukuqonda lezi zinselele akuyona nje into yokufunda; kuyisidingo sangempela sabaphathi bezimoto, onjiniyela bezimoto nabanikazi bezimoto abathembele ekuthembekeni kwesikhathi eside.

Imizimba yezinsizakalo eziphakeme — na kungaba ngokuchaza ngobuso bezilwandle obuhle, iminyaka yase-Arctic engaphansi kwe-zero, ubukhulu be-uzi wasekupheleni kwemifula, noma ubukhulu be-UV emanzini okuphakeme — ngisho ngokugcina isimo esisodwa sesizakalo esisodwa kuma- iINGCEKELO ZOKUGCIWA . Imiphumela yokuvala iyahluka, izikhathi ziyahluka, futhi izindlela zokulungisa kufanele zihlukane ngokulandelana. Le ngculazi ibheka izinkinga ezisodwa ozikhipha ama-component we-body kulezinsizakalo futhi ibonisa ukuthi ukukhetha izinkambo ngokuphambuka nokubheka ngokuphambuka kuyisidingo esikhulu kumazinsizakalo okusebenza kwempilo.

Ukuqonda Ukugcina Kwezinsizakalo Zokugcina Nokuthinta Kwezinkambo Ze-Body

Sizinga Sokugcina Kwezinsizakalo Zokugcina Kusindisa Ukugcina Kwesithembiso

Kwizwe zokuphakama noma zokuphakama kwezulu lapho izintemperatura zezulu zihamba ngaphezulu kwe-40°C futhi izintemperatura zewayini ziyakwanda ngaphezulu kwe-60°C, izinto zokubhala zibhala kuzo ukubhala kwesikhathi esifanayo. Amaphaneli ametalu ayakhula ngusuku futhi ayashukuma ngomnyaka, futhi lokhu kubhala kwezilinganiso kushukuma kancane amaqhina, amaphuzu, nokuxhuma kwezinkampani. Ngemuva kwezinsuku, ukubhala kwezilinganiso kanye nokushukuma kuyakha ukubhala kwezinkampani kanye nokubhala kwezinkampani ezikhethekileyo kwezindawo zokubhala.

Izinqambu zokubhala ezisebenzisa i-polymers ziyathinta ngokuphelele ngokuthi kuzoba nezinkinga eziphelele ngokuphakanyiswa kwesikhathi eside. Izinqambu zokubhala, izihlalo zokubhala, nezinqambu zokubhala zizihlala ngokuphakanyiswa kwesikhathi eside, zisula ukuthi zibe nendawo yabo nokuthi zibe nemiphumela yokubhala. Uma izihlalo zisula, amanzi nezibhakabhaka zifika emaphakathi aphakathi kwezindawo ezingabhekwa ngaphambi, zihamba ngokushisa ukuthi kuzobe nezinkinga zokubhala kwezinqambu zokubhala zezinto ezinamagama. Ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinkinga zokubhala ngokuphakanyiswa kwezinkinga zokufika kwamanzi kuyisibonelo esingasizi kakhulu sokuthi kuzoba nezinkinga zokubhala kwezinto zokubhala kwezindawo eziphakanyisiwe ngokuphakanyiswa.

Amakholi nezindlela zokugcina ezindaweni zemithombo yomkhosi wasezinsukwini zihlukana kakhulu ekhaya lomkhosi. Amakholi amathile asebenziswayo ngamafabrike nezindlela zokugcina ziyakhiwe ukusabela isikhathi esithile sokuchaza, futhi ukubhekiswa kahle kusukela kulesikhathi kuyenza ukuthi kubhekelwe, kuhlanganise, nokuphula kwamaphetha okuvikela uvulamlilo. Uma umkhosi owavikela uphume, umkhosi ophansi uyakwazi ukuthi uhlulekile ngokushesha, okuzokwenza isikhathi sokusebenza semithombo yomkhosi yokuqondwa kufupha kakhulu.

Ukubhakala Kwemithombo Kwezinsukwini Ezinkulu Nezinsukwini Zokubhaka Nokubhakala

Kusukela kumsho wokugcina, izinsukwini ezingaphansi kwe-zero ziyenza imithombo ibhakale kakhulu okungabi nalo umphumela wokusebenza kahle eminyakeni eyodwa. Imithombo engaphezu kwezinsukwini nezinsukwini zezinkomo ezenziwe ngamaphutha eziphatha kakhulu kumithombo yomkhosi iyagcina kuqala kusukela kwezinsukwini ezinkulu. Ukubhekisa kahle kwezinsukwini ziyagcina kahle, okuthi ukubhekisa kahle kwezinsukwini ziyagcina kahle, okuthi ukubhekisa kahle kwezinsukwini ziyagcina kahle, okuthi ukubhekisa kahle kwezinsukwini ziyagcina kahle, okuthi ukubhekisa kahle kwezinsukwini ziyagcina kahle, okuthi ukubhekisa kahle kwezinsukwini ziyagcina kahle, okuthi ukubhekisa kahle kwezinsukwini ziyagcina kahle, okuthi ukubhekisa kahle kwezinsukwini ziyagcina kahle, okuthi ukubhekisa kahle kwezinsukwini ziyagcina kahle, okuthi ukubhekisa kahle kwezinsukwini ziyagcina kahle, okuthi ukubhekisa kahle kwezinsukwini ziyagcina kahle, okuthi ukubhekisa kahle kwezinsukwini ziyagcina kahle, okuthi ukubhekisa kahle kwezinsukwini ziyagcina kahle, okuthi ukubhekisa kahle kwezinsukwini ziyagcina kahle, okuthi ukubhekisa kahle kwezinsukwini ziyagcina kahle, okuthi ukubhekisa kahle kwezinsukwini ziyagcina kahle, okuthi ukubhekisa kahle kwezinsukwini ziyagcina kahle, okuthi ukubhekisa kahle kwezinsukwini ziyagcina kahle, okuthi ukubhekisa kahle kwezinsukwini ziyagcina kahle, okuthi ukubhekisa kahle kwezinsukwini ziyagcina kahle, okuthi ukubhekisa kahle kwezinsuk......

Ukubuyisela kwezinkathi zokufuna nokubuyisela kwezinkathi zokuphuma kuzo kuyizinkinga eziphakeme kakhulu kubomvu bezinye ezinazo izimboni zezindawo zokugqibela noma izihlangothi zemikhono. Amanzi ayafuna emaphakade amancane, ayafuna, ayagcwalisa ngokuphakeme kwezinkathi ezingu-9%, futhi ayabulawa ngokusebenzisa umthelela wokubulawa ukusuka emaphakade. Ngisho noma yiliphi ikhadi elithile lisobala ukuthi lizoba libe yiliphi ikhadi elithile, futhi lokho okwakhiwa njengokuchaza kwesikhathi sokugqibela kungathola ukuthi kuyisikhathi esisodwa sokugqibela kusukela ekhanda lezindawo zokugqibela. Lokhu kuyizinkinga eziphakeme kakhulu kubomvu bezinye obhekwa ngokubheka kwezinhlobo zezinto zokubheka noma kubomvu obhekwa ngokubheka kwezinhlobo zezinto zokubheka ezinamandla okuhlanganisa amanzi.

Isalti yomhlaba nesizinda sokuvula isikhati sokuphuma kuzo kuyazisa izinkinga zokuphuma kuzo kakhulu. Lezi zinto ziyizinkinga zokubulawa kakhulu futhi ziyasebenziswa ngokuphakeme kwezinkathi — amanzi, ubuhlungu, nobusalti — okuyizinkinga zokubulawa kwezinkathi zokubulawa kwezinkathi zokubulawa kwezinkathi zokubulawa kwezinkathi zokubulawa kwezinkathi zokubulawa kwezinkathi zokubulawa kwezinkathi zokubulawa kwezinkathi zokubulawa kwezinkathi zokubulawa kwezinkathi zokubulawa kwezinkathi zokubulawa kwezinkathi zokubulawa kwezinkathi zokubulawa kwezinkathi zokubulawa kwezinkathi zokubulawa kwezinkathi zokubulawa kwezinkathi zokubulawa kwezinkathi zokubulawa kwezinkathi zokubulawa kwezinkathi zokubulawa kwezinkathi zokubulawa kwezinkathi zokubulawa kwezinkathi zokubulawa kwezinkathi zokubulawa kwezinkathi zokubulawa kwezinkathi zokubulawa kwezinkathi zokubulawa kwezinkathi zokubulawa kwezinkathi zokubulawa kwezinkathi zokubulawa kwezinkathi zokubulawa kwezinkathi zokubulawa kwezinkathi zokubulawa kwezinkathi zokubulawa kwezinkathi zokubulawa kwezinkathi zokubulawa kwezinkathi zokubulawa kwezinkathi zokubulawa kwezinkathi zokubulawa kwezinkathi zokubulawa kwezinkathi zokubulawa kwezinkathi zokubulawa kwezinkathi zokubulawa kwezinkathi zokubulawa kwezinkathi zokubulawa kwezinkathi zokubulawa kwezinkathi zokubulawa kwezinkathi zokubulawa kwezinkathi zokubulawa kwezinkathi zokub......

Izinkinga Zokugqibela Kwizindawo Zokuphakamisa Nokwakhiwa Kwizindawo Zokuphakamisa

Isilathi Sasekhalini Nokugqibela Kwemithambo Yekhilikhulomu

Izindawo zasekhalini zinakha izinkinga zokugqibela eziphakeme kwezinqubo zokuphakamisa ngoba isilathi sasekhalini sibeka amaqhina wekhlorayidi kuzonke izinyathelo ezibonakalayo ngokuphakeme. Amakhlorayidi aqinile kakhulu ukuvula ilayiya yokuqinisa eyisikhuba esihlukileyo esiyiqinisa igolide, futhi kubhekisa ukugqibela okuphakeme okuphuma kusuka kumgqa wokuphakamisa. Ngaphandle kokugqibela okuphakeme okuphakeme, ukugqibela okuphakeme kungabonakali ngokujwayelekileka ngaphandle kokuba kubhekise kusukela kumgqa wokuphakamisa.

Ukukhweleka kwe-galvanic kuyisibonelo esinye sokuziphatha uma izinkulungwane zokuphakama ezenziwe ngamatali amabili angafanani zihlanganiswa emoyeni eyisikhathi esihlukene, esinomthwalo wamaphutha. Umotali ongakhulu kuleliqoqo lwenza umkhosi wokukhweleka futhi lukeka ngokuphelele. Lokhu kuyisibonelo esikhulu emazini apho izinkulungwane zokuphakama zeziluminiyamu zihlanganiswa nezinkulungwane zokuphakama zesiStile, noma apho izinkulungwane ezinamaphutha ezinc ezihlanganiswa nezinkulungwane zokuphakama zesiStile esingasolwa. Uma akukho ukugcina okuhle noma izinkulungwane zokuphakama zokuvikela, ukukhweleka kwe-galvanic kungadonsa izinkulungwane zokuphakama ngokushesha kune-ukukhweleka kwezinye izindawo zemvelo.

Izinkulungwane zokuphakama zasezansi nezinkulungwane zasezansi zokuphakama ziyizimangaliso ezinkulu kubuthi bokuphakama kwezilitha nezilitha zokuphakama, kodwa leli buproblem ayikhiyise lapha. Umoya ophakamileyo wokuphakama kwezilitha kufika emazini amahle, emazini amahle wokuphakama, nemazini amahle wokuphakama ngokusebenzisa izimbhalo zokuphakama nezimbhalo zokuphakama. Uma kufika emazini amahle lezi, umoya uyadlula ngokushesha, kwenza indawo eyisikhathi esihlukene esinomthwalo wokuphakama okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamileyo okuphakamile......

Imiphumela Yokuqhubeka Kwamandla Okuhlela Kwezinsuku Zokuphakama

Kwizwe zokuphakama nezwe zokugcina phakade apho umkhawulo wokuhlela kwezinsuku kuyaphakama kakhulu ngaphezu kwe-80 percent, izinto zokubhala ziyathola isimo sokukhula esihlukile kodwa sifanayo nesikhulu. Umkhawulo wokuhlela okuphakama kuyabonisa ukuthi kuyadlula amafutha emithi yezinkampani zokubhala uma kunezilinganiso zokuchaza — njengoko kusukela ngozinsuku zokuphakama noma emva kokufutha. Lokhu kuyadlula amafutha okuyisilayi yezinkampani ezinconywa ukuthi kuyasebenza njengokuthi kuyasiza ukukhula kwemithi yezinkampani, nokuba akukho mthetho wokudlula kwamafutha.

Ukuthuthukisa kwemvelo kuyisibonelo esingaphansi sokuziphatha ngokuphelele emizulwini eyisisekelo yamandla. Amashilini, amashilini amancane, nemifanekiso yezinto zokubaluleka kungabona kubhodi yezinto zokusebenza noma kubhodi yezinto zokusebenza eziyisisekelo noma ezinamaphuzu, ikakhulu kumashilini we-rubber, amaphaneli enomshini wokubhala, namakholi yezindawo zokugcina. Le mifanekiso yezinto zokubaluleka iyathabatha amanzi kusuka kubhodi yezinto zokusebenza futhi iyakwakha amasi yezinto zokubaluleka okuyakunciphisa ukuthuthukisa kwemvelo. Ukuphatha ukuthi izinto zokubaluleka ziyagcina kuyisibonelo sokuziphatha okungasoloko kuchazwa kodwa kuyisibonelo esibalulekileyo kubhodi yezinto zokusebenza emizulwini yasezantsi.

Izinkhulumo zezinto ezihlukene nezinto zokugcina eziqondiswe kumaphakathi amasha okuphatha — izinsiza, izinkampani zokusebenza, izihluzi zokugcina, nezinkampani zokuphatha — ziyakhula kakhulu ngokuphelele kwezinye izinhlobo zokuphelele. Ukufika kwamandla emanzini kumaphakathi kuyenza ukuthi izinyathelo zokugcina zizihlabe, kubonisa ukuthi kunezinkinga zokusebenza ngokungafanele, futhi kuyenza ukuthi kunezinkinga zokusebenza ngokungafanele. Kuzo zizimo eziphelele, ukuthi kunezindiza zemanzini kumaphakathi amasha angabhalwa ayisikhathi sokuthi kunezinkinga zokusebenza ngokungafanele okuyenza ukuthi izinkhulumo zezinto ezihlukene nezinto zokugcina nezinkhulumo zezinto zokuphatha zizihlabe ngokuphelele.

Ukuthi kwezinye izinhlobo zokuphelele ne-UV nokuthi kwezinye izinhlobo zokuphelele

Ukuthi kwezinye izinhlobo zokuphelele kwezinye izinhlobo zokuphelele kwezinye izinhlobo zokuphelele

Ultraviolet radiation yisibonelo esikhulu sokugqibela kwezinqakathi zokubhala emanzini apho amandla okuhamba kwezulu ayizigcwele, emazweni apho amandla okuhamba kwezulu ayizigcwele, noma kuzo zonke izindawo eziphakeme kakhulu kwezulu futhi azinamaphetha amancane. Amaphotoni we-UV abhekana ngamandla okuvula izihlangothi zokubhala, izihlangothi zokubhala zokuphatha, nezihlangothi zokubhala zokubhala, okubangela umsebenzi othiwa ngokuthi photo-oxidation. Isiphumo esibonakalayo siyisichalka, ukufadeka, nokungafani kwezinkambu zokubhala, kodwa isiphumo sokubhala kuyisilayi esingavunyelwa ngokuphelele esiyisilayi esingasivumela ukuthi sibhale ngokuphelele isilayi esifanayo.

Izinqubo zokubhala zezinto ezincinci ziyakhula kakhulu ukuthi zihlukwe ngokusebenzisa i-UV. Izinhlobo zezinto ezincinci ezingaqondakali noma ezingaqondakali kancane zithatha i-UV ngokuphelele futhi zihlukwe kwezindawo zokuhlanganisa, okuzosusa ubukhulu bezinkulungwane futhi kuzosula ukuthi zibheke kakhulu. Iziphathu zokubhala, izikhumba zemirayile, izistripu zokubhala, nezinye izinqubo zezinto ezincinci zokubhala ziyakwazi ukubheka kakhulu futhi ukuthi zihlukwe ngokuphelele emva kokubhala kwe-UV ngokuphelele, nakuba azikho amandla okuthi aqonde amandla okuthi ayisisekelo noma amandla okuthi ayisisekelo.

Ukuthi izinqubo zokuvikela i-UV kwezinkulungwane ziyahlukwa kuyizindlela ezinamandla. Iziphathu zezinkulungwane zonke ziyasebenzisa izinkulungwane zokuvikela i-UV futhi izinkulungwane zokuthatha i-UV okuzoyithatha ukuze zivikеле umhlaba ozodlula, kodwa lezi zinkulungwane ziyathathwa ngokuphelele. Uma zithathwe ngokuphelele, isimo sokuhlukwa kwezinkulungwane zokuthatha i-UV kusuka kusha kakhulu. Lokhu kukuthi izinqubo zokubhala ozibona njengokuthi zingcono kusasa kwezinyangaseminyangeni yezinkulungwane zokuthatha i-UV ziyakwazi ukuhlukwa kakhulu uma izinkulungwane zokuvikela ziyathathwe ngokuphelele.

Ukubambisana kwe-Thermal-UV emizini yasezulwini

Emizini yasezulwini, ubukhulu be-UV nobuhlebhe obungaphezulu bakhathazisa izinto zokuphatha kwesithunzi ngendlela eyinkulu kunezinye zazo zokuphatha ngokwanele. Ubuhlebhe obungaphezulu buqhubeka nokuthuthukisa iziphakamiso zokufanana kwezinkqubo zokugxila kwezinkqubo, okusho ukuthi ubukhulu be-UV bukhula kusho kwi-50°C kulunga kune-20°C. Ngokujabulisana, ukusobala kwesithunzi sokuphatha kwezinkqubo kuzokwenza kubhekise kubukhulu be-UV okubonakalisa ukugxila kwezinkqubo, okwenza indlela yokubambisana apho ubuhlebhe nobukhulu be-UV bakhathazisa ngokujabulisana ubukhulu be-UV.

Izinqambu zokubhala ezibomvu noma ezingabomvu kakhulu zizokwethula izithelo zesolasi kakhulu futhi zizofika emaphakathini amaningi kunezibomvu, ngakho-ke ukukhetha umbala uyisahluko sokuziphatha kwemithambo ekupheleni kwezindawo zokubhala. Izinqambu zokubhala zezinto zokubhala zombili zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala zokubhala......

Ukuphatha Kwezinhlobo Zokubhala Ngokwesikhathi Sokubhala

Izindawo Zokubhala Ezinkulu Ne-Isibhakabhaka

Izimo eziningi zokukhanya kuzimele kuzenza amaphuzu okugcina amandla okuphakanyiswa kwezinqubo zokugcina. Kuzimele ezincane, izikhathi zokufuna nokubuyisa kuzimele kuzenza amaphuzu okugcina ukuphela kusheshile, kwenza izihlangothi, izihlangothi zokufuna, nezinhlobo zokugcina ezingavamile okuzenza ukuthi kubhekwe ngamandla okuvibrasi okuphakade. Kuzimele ezinkulu nezincane, ukuphakama nokubuyisa kwamaphuzu okugcina kuzenza ukuthi kubhekwe nokuthi kunezinhlobo zokugcina ezingavamile. Izimo zombili zizocinga amandla okuvibrasi ngaphansi kwezinqubo zokugcina futhi kusuka kusuka kwezinqubo zokugcina kusuka kusuka kwezinqubo zokugcina, kuzokhulula izinqubo zokugcina ukuthi zibe nesikhathi sokufana ngokuphakade.

Ukuphatha kwe-vibration yisimo sokubulawa okuphakathi, esebenza ngaphansi kwesilinganiso sokubulawa kwematerial. Indima yezinkampani zokuvibrasi ziyabika isimo esincane sokubulawa emaphakathini okukhula kwezinkinga — izihole, izikhala, izihlangothi, nokuguqula kweziqukuthu — futhi emva kwezinkampani eziningi, isikhala sokubulawa sibuka futhi siphambana. Izinqubo zokubeka kwezindawo eziphakathi noma iziqukuthu eziningi ziyakhula kakhulu ngoba izikhala zokubulawa ziyizinto eziphakathi kweziqukuthu zazo. Kuzilwanyana ozokusebenza kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo......

Izinqambu zokubamba kwe-body eziqondiswe kwe-suspension, njengezinqambu zokubamba kwe-strut, izinqambu zokubamba kwe-subframe, nezinqambu zokubamba kwe-shock absorber, ziyi-izindawo ezinamaphuzu okuhambisa kwe-vibration nokuthintana kwe-structural load. Lezi zindawo zibona amaphuzu amakhulu kakhulu futhi ngakho ke ziyi-zindawo ezinamaphuzu amakhulu kakhulu ekupheleni kwemiphumela yokufatiga kwe-body structure. Ukubheka kwezi zindawo ngokushesha kuyidinga kubazihlombe abasebenza emaphakathini apho amazwi aqhubeka ngokwenza imisebenzi yamaphakathi angafanele, ngoba amacrack okufatiga kulezi zindawo azikwazi ukuthintana nokusebenza kwe-vehicle nokubagcina isikhungo sakho uma asibhekwa.

Izinkunkuma Zokugcina Isikhungo Ngokwezinye Nezinkinga Zokuthintana

Imithombo yezinsizakalo ephakeme nezinkundla zokuphatha izinsizakalo zokuphatha kuzo kwenza ukuthi izinkundla zokuphatha ziyabuka ngokukhulu kwezincwadi zokuphatha. Amazwe okugravel, amaphakathi okuqala, nokufa kwamaphakathi okugravel akhombisa izinkundla zokuphatha ngokushesha kakhulu kwezincwadi zokuphatha ezansi, amakhubu okuphatha kwezincwadi zokuphatha, namakhubu okuphatha kwezincwadi zokuphatha. Indlela yonke yokubuka iyathabatha isibonelo esincane sokuphatha kwezincwadi zokuphatha, futhi indlela yonke yokubuka kwezinkundla zokuphatha kwezinsizakalo zokuphatha kwezinsizakalo zokuphatha kwezinsizakalo zokuphatha kwezinsizakalo zokuphatha kwezinsizakalo zokuphatha kwezinsizakalo zokuphatha kwezinsizakalo zokuphatha kwezinsizakalo zokuphatha kwezinsizakalo zokuphatha kwezinsizakalo zokuphatha kwezinsizakalo zokuphatha kwezinsizakalo zokuphatha kwezinsizakalo zokuphatha kwezinsizakalo zokuphatha kwezinsizakalo zokuphatha kwezinsizakalo zokuphatha kwezinsizakalo zokuphatha kwezinsizakalo zokuphatha kwezinsizakalo zokuphatha kwezinsizakalo zokuphatha kwezinsizakalo zokuphatha kwezinsizakalo zokuphatha kwezinsizakalo zokuphatha kwezinsizakalo zokuphatha kwezinsizakalo zokuphatha kwezinsizakalo zokuphatha kwezinsizakalo zokuphatha kwezinsizakalo zokuphatha kwezinsizakalo zokuphatha kwezinsizakalo zokuphatha kwezinsizakalo zokuphatha kwezinsizakalo zokuphatha kwezinsizakalo zokuphatha kwezinsizakalo zokuphatha kwezinsizakalo zokuphatha kwezinsizakalo zokuphatha kwezinsizakalo zokuphatha kwezinsizakalo zokuphatha kwezinsizakalo zokuphatha kwezinsizakalo zokuphatha kwezinsizakalo zokuphatha kwezinsizakalo zokuphatha k......

Emazweni okubusa, ukuchazwa kwezinsizakalo zokuphatha nezinkundla zokuphatha ezisemthwakathini zokuphatha kuzo kwenza indlela yokuqonda yokuphatha nokuthi kuyabuka ngokukhulu kakhulu kwezincwadi zokuphatha ezansi. Izinkundla zokuphatha ziyasebenza njengokuphatha kwezincwadi zokuphatha, futhi izinsizakalo ziyabuka ngokushesha kakhulu kwezincwadi zokuphatha. Le ndlela yombili ibonisa ukuthi izincwadi zokuphatha ezansi emazweni okubusa, amazwe okuphatha kwezinsizakalo, kufanele zihlalwe ngokushesha kakhulu kunezincwadi zokuphatha ezingaphansi kwezinye izinsizakalo zokuphatha.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Izinqambu zokuphatha zikuphi okuzoyikhipha kakhulu emazulwini amaningi okukhula?

Emazulwini amaningi okukhula, izinqambu zokuphatha eziphakathi kakhulu zizoba ngazo ezisemthwakweni noma ezisemphakathi yezinkampani, njengokuthi kubona izikhumba, izibhampela, nezincampani zokuphatha zemphakathi. Lezi zinkampani ziyakhipha kakhulu phansi kwesilinganiso sokugcina isikhumba futhi ziyakhipha kakhulu uma kufakwa imithwalo. Izinqambu zokuphatha zemetalu emaphakathini ayisifunda akhona kakhulu ngokugcina nokuvula kwezinsimbi futhi ukubhuka kwezinsimbi zokuhamba kuyakhiqiza ukuchitha kakhulu emazulwini apho akukwazi ukubheka noma ukuthuluzwa.

Ukuchitha kuyakuthinta kanjani ubunzima bezinqambu zokuphatha?

Ukuphakanyiswa kwe-humidity kunciphisa ukuthwasa kwezinkulungwane zokubhala zemithali ngokunika ilayiya yamaphakhi ephindaphindiweyo okudingekayo ukuzimela izinkinga zokubhala zokubhala. Kunciphisa futhi ukuthwasa kwezindawo ezihlukene, ukuthwasa kwemithi kwezinye izinyathelo, nokufika kwamandla kwezinkulungwane zokubhala zezinkulungwane zokubhala. Kwezindawo eziphakanyiswa kwe-humidity ngokuphakanyiswa, isikhathi sokusebenza kwezinkulungwane zokubhala ezingavunyelwe noma ezingavunyelwe kahle kuncipha kakhulu kunazo ezingasemthwakweni, okwenza ukuthi ukubheka kanye nokuhlela izinkulungwane zokubhala kuyisisekelo esibalulekile.

Liya kuvumela i-UV radiation kuphela ukuthi ibe yisibonelo sokuthwasa kwezinkulungwane zokubhala?

Ukuphakanyiswa kwe-UV kuphela akukho kubonakala ukuthi kuzokubangela ukungafani kwezinkinga zokusebenza kwezinto zokubhala ezisemthwakathini, kodwa kungabangela ukugula kwesikhathi eside kwezinto zokubhala ezisemphakathi. Ukubhala kwezinkampani zokubhala kuyaphakanyisa izipharakhali futhi kuyagula izicabha zokuhlela, kususa isibonelo esikhindela umoya nomadoda wokufinyelela kumkhakha ophansi. Uma isicabha sifinyelela ngokugula kwe-UV, isivinini sokugula nokugula kwezinkinga zokusebenza kwezinto zokubhala eziphakathi kusiza kakhulu, ekupheleni kubangela ukungafani kwezinkinga zokusebenza uma akusolwazi.

Kufanele ziziqondiswe zingakanani izinkinga zokubhala emazulwini amaningi?

Kumaziko amaningi okukhanya — kungakhathalelwa ukuthi kuyisikhathi esikhanyayo nesibomvu, esibomvu nesilwandle, noma esikweni nesihlangu — iziqephu zokuphatha kufanele zibhekwe ngamashumi amabili ngonyaka, nangokubheka okwengeziwe emva kokukhanya okuphelele noma ukusebenza kwezindawo ezingaphandle kwemiyalo engaphezu kwezinye. Ukubheka kufanele kubhekise indlela yokubeka kwezinqamuzi, imiphumela yezinqamuzi nezinqamuzi, ukuthi kuyasebenza kwezinkambu zokugcina isikhathi sokubhekwa, nokubhekwa kwezinqamuzi zokubhekwa kwezinqamuzi zokubhekwa kwezinqamuzi zokubhekwa kwezinqamuzi zokubhekwa kwezinqamuzi zokubhekwa kwezinqamuzi zokubhekwa kwezinqamuzi zokubhekwa kwezinqamuzi zokubhekwa kwezinqamuzi zokubhekwa kwezinqamuzi zokubhekwa kwezinqamuzi zokubhekwa kwezinqamuzi zokubhekwa kwezinqamuzi zokubhekwa kwezinqamuzi zokubhekwa kwezinqamuzi zokubhekwa kwezinqamuzi zokubhekwa kwezinqamuzi zokubhekwa kwezinqamuzi zokubhekwa kwezinqamuzi zokubhekwa kwezinqamuzi zokubhekwa kwezinqamuzi zokubhekwa kwezinqamuzi zokubhekwa kwezinqamuzi zokubhekwa kwezinqamuzi zokubhekwa kwezinqamuzi zokubhekwa kwezinqamuzi zokubhekwa kwezinqamuzi zokubhekwa kwezinqamuzi zokubhekwa kwezinqamuzi zokubhekwa kwezinqamuzi zokubhekwa kwezinqamuzi zokubhekwa kwezinqamuzi zokubhekwa kwezinqamuzi zokubhekwa kwezinqamuzi zokubhekwa kwezinqamuzi zokubhekwa kwezinqamuzi zokubhekwa kwezinqamuzi zokubhekwa kwezinqamuzi zokubhekwa kwezinqamuzi zokubhekwa kwezinqamuzi zokubhekwa kwezinqamuzi zokubhekwa kwezinqamuzi zokubhekwa k......